{"id":12803,"date":"2024-07-15T13:36:10","date_gmt":"2024-07-15T10:06:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/?p=12803"},"modified":"2024-07-26T11:40:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T08:10:34","slug":"about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/","title":{"rendered":"About The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Cipola_and_Human_Stupidity_Laws\" >Cipola and Human Stupidity Laws<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#First_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\" >First Law of Human Stupidity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Second_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\" >Second Law of Human Stupidity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Third_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\" >Third Law of Human Stupidity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Fourth_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\" >Fourth Law of Human Stupidity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Fifth_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\" >Fifth Law of Human Stupidity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Cipola_and_Four_Factors_of_Human_Behavior\" >Cipola and Four Factors of Human Behavior<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Human_Stupidity_and_Capital_Market\" >Human Stupidity and Capital Market<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/about-the-basic-laws-of-human-stupidity\/#i\" >\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"12803\" class=\"elementor elementor-12803\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f082889 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5f082889\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d8770f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d8770f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cipola_and_Human_Stupidity_Laws\"><\/span>Cipola and Human Stupidity Laws<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35639e14 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35639e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">\ud83d\udccc In 1976, Carlo Cipolla, a professor of economic history who investigated human stupidity laws, derived a social law by which we can group people into four categories: The first he called \u201cthe helpless,\u201d the second \u201cthe intelligent,\u201d the third \u201cthe bandits,\u201d and the last \u201cthe stupid.\u201d Cipolla warned that the stupid person is the most dangerous type of person and in groups far more potent than the Mafia, the Military, or Communism.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-befcb8d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"befcb8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12805\" alt=\"Basic laws of human stupidity\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-350x350.webp 350w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-1000x1000.webp 1000w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1-800x800.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/basic-law-of-human-stupidity-1.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1c3ccd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b1c3ccd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3bbff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de3bbff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">\ud83d\udccc To arrive at this conclusion, we must understand his five Basic Laws of Human Stupidity:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3635a7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3635a7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d543fe elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d543fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12831\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-2-350x350.webp 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76bb21b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"76bb21b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f1df4b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9f1df4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com.tr\/Basic-Laws-Human-Stupidity\/dp\/0385546475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Click here to buy The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ff7cce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ff7cce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"First_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\"><\/span>First Law of Human Stupidity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6da7137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6da7137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">First Law: Always and inevitably, everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4939ea4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4939ea4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbea9a3 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fbea9a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12838\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-350x350.webp 350w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-1000x1000.webp 1000w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law-800x800.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Basic-Laws-of-Human-Stupidity-first-law.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56330bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"56330bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54eece3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54eece3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Second_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\"><\/span>Second Law of Human Stupidity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0882146 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0882146\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">Second Law: The probability that a certain person be stupid is independent of any other characteristic of that person. Education, wealth, or status have nothing to do with it.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05158c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a05158c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d844e6 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d844e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12844\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-350x350.webp 350w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-1000x1000.webp 1000w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity-800x800.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Second-law-of-stupidity.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c70cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"28c70cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6177e73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6177e73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Third_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\"><\/span>Third Law of Human Stupidity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ef2ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18ef2ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">Third Law: A stupid person is a person who causes losses to another person or to a group of persons while himself deriving no gain and even possibly incurring losses.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157be2e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"157be2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e43ecc2 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e43ecc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12847\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-350x350.webp 350w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-1000x1000.webp 1000w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity-800x800.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Third-law-of-human-stupidity.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab973c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5ab973c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f06064a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f06064a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fourth_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\"><\/span>Fourth Law of Human Stupidity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1581a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1581a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">Fourth Law: Non-stupid people always underestimate the damaging power of stupid individuals. In particular, non-stupid people constantly forget that at all times and places and under any circumstances to deal and\/or associate with stupid people infallibly turns out to be a costly mistake.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-018782b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"018782b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3afb54 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b3afb54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12853\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-350x350.webp 350w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-1000x1000.webp 1000w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity-800x800.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fourth-law-of-human-stupidity.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f594ec9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f594ec9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d7629f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d7629f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fifth_Law_of_Human_Stupidity\"><\/span>Fifth Law of Human Stupidity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b7403a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b7403a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #242424; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.06px;\">Fifth Law: A stupid person is the most dangerous type of person. A stupid person is more dangerous than a bandit.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da890c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da890c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a446bfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a446bfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12857\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-140x140.webp 140w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-500x500.webp 500w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-350x350.webp 350w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-1000x1000.webp 1000w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity-800x800.webp 800w, https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Fifth-law-of-human-stupidity.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48511d6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"48511d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9e4ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec9e4ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cipola_and_Four_Factors_of_Human_Behavior\"><\/span>Cipola and Four Factors of Human Behavior<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26d2936 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26d2936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"e0d8\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\ud83d\udccc Cipolla then considers four factors of human behavior. A person can cause benefits to others, benefits to themselves, losses to others, and losses to themselves:<\/p><p id=\"7286\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"yj\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">a. If Tom takes an action and suffers a loss, he\u2019s helpless.<\/em><\/p><p id=\"fc69\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"yj\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">b. If Tom benefits himself while also benefiting Jerry, he\u2019s intelligent.<\/em><\/p><p id=\"c0f9\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"yj\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">c. If Tom helps himself but causes Jerry a loss, he\u2019s a bandit.<\/em><\/p><p id=\"96c4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"yj\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit;\">d. And if Tom does something of no benefit to him but causes Jerry a loss, he\u2019s stupid.<\/em><\/p><p id=\"7134\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\ud83d\udccc Ineffectual people are in the center. Let\u2019s now look at the effects of these groups on society. Helpless people contribute to society but are taken advantage of by others, especially bandits. And so their contribution is limited.<\/p><p id=\"3775\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\ud83d\udccc Note that extreme altruists or pacifists may willingly accept a place in this category for moral reasons. Intelligent people contribute to society and leverage their contributions to create reciprocal benefits. Their actions lead to a net gain for society, so helpless people should always support intelligent ones.<\/p><p id=\"1a9f\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\ud83d\udccc Bandits pursue their self-interest and enrich themselves, even when doing so harms society. Helpless and intelligent people should try to stop them. Stupid people always contribute to a net loss to society. But not only that. As they do so for no apparent reason, their actions also frustrate, anger, and confuse everyone else.<\/p><p id=\"a105\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\ud83d\udccc Against major cultural trends among his fellow intellectuals, Cipolla was convinced that men are unequal. Some are stupid, others are not, and the difference is determined by nature and nothing else. One is stupid in the same way one is red-haired, he wrote. Cipolla warned that the damaging potential of the stupid person, therefore, depends on the amount of stupidity inherited and their position of power in society.<\/p><p id=\"f2a4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph xl xm su xn b xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi iz bt\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 2.14em; margin-bottom: -0.46em; font-weight: 400; color: #242424; word-break: break-word; font-style: normal; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.003em; font-family: source-serif-pro, Georgia, Cambria, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 20px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\ud83d\udccc Among bureaucrats, generals, and politicians, one has little difficulty in finding clear examples of basically stupid individuals whose damaging capacity was alarmingly enhanced by the position of the power they occupied.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9ba0e0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c9ba0e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb04387 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eb04387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be39520 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"be39520\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-251b069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"251b069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Human_Stupidity_and_Capital_Market\"><\/span>Human Stupidity and Capital Market<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26827d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26827d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Carlo Cipolla&#8217;s five laws of human stupidity provide a humorous yet insightful framework for understanding human behavior, which can be applied to various fields, including the capital market. Here&#8217;s an argument that these laws are being used extensively in the capital market:<\/p><p>Argument for the Application of Cipolla&#8217;s Laws in the Capital Market<\/p><p><strong>1. First Law: Always and inevitably, everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0In the capital market, this law is evident in the frequent underestimation of the impact of irrational behaviors on market dynamics. Investors often assume that most market participants act rationally, following fundamental and technical analysis. However, the presence of numerous investors making irrational decisions, driven by emotions, misinformation, or lack of knowledge, often leads to unexpected market movements and volatility. The 2008 financial crisis, for instance, was partly fueled by a widespread underestimation of the number of individuals making reckless investment decisions.<\/p><p><strong>2. Second Law: The probability that a certain person be stupid is independent of any other characteristic of that person.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0This law suggests that stupidity is evenly distributed across the population, regardless of education, wealth, or professional background. In the capital market, even highly educated or experienced investors can make foolish decisions. The collapse of high-profile funds, such as Long-Term Capital Management in 1998, demonstrates that even Nobel laureates and seasoned professionals can fall victim to poor judgment and irrational behavior, highlighting the pervasiveness of human stupidity in the market.<\/p><p><strong>3. Third Law: A stupid person is a person who causes losses to another person or to a group of persons while himself deriving no gain and even possibly incurring losses.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0This law is particularly relevant to market manipulation and speculative bubbles. Individuals or entities engaging in pump-and-dump schemes, for example, artificially inflate the price of a stock, leading other investors to incur losses when the price inevitably crashes. These manipulators often derive no long-term benefit and may even face legal consequences, yet their actions cause significant harm to other market participants.<\/p><p><strong>4. Fourth Law: Non-stupid people always underestimate the damaging power of stupid individuals. In particular, they constantly forget that dealing and\/or associating with stupid people is a costly mistake at all times and places and under any circumstances.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0In the capital market, this law can be seen in the tendency of investors and financial institutions to underestimate the impact of irrational market behavior. During the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, many investors failed to recognize the extent to which speculative fervor and irrational exuberance were driving market valuations. When the bubble burst, the resulting losses were catastrophic, demonstrating the high cost of underestimating the influence of irrational market participants.<\/p><p><strong>5. Fifth Law: A stupid person is the most dangerous person.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0According to Cipolla, stupid individuals are more dangerous than malicious individuals because their actions lead to losses for others without any gain for themselves. In the capital market, this danger is magnified by the interconnected nature of financial systems. The actions of a few irrational investors can trigger a chain reaction, leading to market crashes or systemic crises. The subprime mortgage crisis is a prime example, where the irresponsible behavior of lenders and borrowers, driven by short-term gains and poor risk assessment, led to a global financial meltdown.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeb1de6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aeb1de6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b28195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b28195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e65f54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e65f54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Cipolla&#8217;s laws of human stupidity provide a valuable lens through which to view the capital market. The presence of irrational, unpredictable, and often detrimental behavior among market participants highlights the need for robust risk management, regulatory oversight, and a healthy skepticism of market trends. By acknowledging and accounting for the pervasive influence of human stupidity, investors and institutions can better navigate the complexities and uncertainties of the capital market.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9449083 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9449083\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2047cdd elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2047cdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/what-is-trust-wallet-benefits-of-trust-wallet\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">What Is Trust Wallet? Benefits Of Trust Wallet<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cipola and Human Stupidity Laws \ud83d\udccc In 1976, Carlo Cipolla, a professor of economic history who investigated human stupidity laws, derived a social law by which we can group people&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12803","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles-en"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farhadsalimi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}